局部灌水方式对冬小麦产量与水分利用的影响

以根系对土壤水分的吸收利用规律、土壤养分在土层中的分布规律和农田土壤蒸发特征为基础,研究局部不同节水高产灌水方式,是解决水肥异位问题和实现“浇作物”的新尝试。2000～2002年连续两年的试验结果表明,测坑内灌溉5水的处理与筒栽灌溉7水的处理有最高的产量和千粒重,适宜的灌水量是30mm。提高作物产量和水分利用效率的灌溉方式应该是灌水集中在作物主要根系分布层,实施高频局部灌溉。     

转录组和iTRAQ技术联合揭示玉米根系的耐旱机制

采用RNA-Seq技术和iTRAQ技术对耐旱性不同的两玉米自交系(昌7-2和TS141)的幼苗根系差异基因(DEGs)和差异蛋白(DEPs)进行关联分析.定量关联分析结果表明,Chang 7-2 D1 vs CK1、Chang 7-2 D2 vs CK2、TS141 D1 vs CK1和TS141 D2 vs CK2等...     

栽培基质对小叶榕块根生长的影响

应用正交设计的方法,研究了不同栽培基质对小叶榕(6个月苗龄)块根生长的影响,结果表明,不同栽培基质对小叶榕块根的生长影响差异显著.经过6个多月的种植试验, 6份沙子+2份椰糠+3份草炭+1份豆粕为栽培基质的小叶榕在块根生长上明显高于其他处理.     

Use efficiency of nitrogen from biodigested plant material by ryegrass

Apparent nitrogen‐use efficiency of the applied mineral N (NUE_min) in effluent from biodigested plant material (BE; C : N_org ratio 14:1; mineral N–to–total N ratio 0.5:1) and a nitrate‐based inorganic fertilizer (IF), both applied at two rates was investigated in a six‐month pot experiment with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Dry‐matter (DM) production was 7% lower and total amount of N in aboveground biomass was 8% lower in BE than in IF at 40 d after sowing (DAS), equal at 81 DAS, and higher in BE than in IF at 136 and 172 DAS. NUE_min calculated on the basis of accumulated N in aboveground biomass of ryegrass in fertilized treatments compared to a control without N application was significantly lower in BE than in IF up to the third cut (136 DAS). Total NUE_min, total N recovery, and amount of foliage DM were similar for both fertilizers at the end of the experiment. Root biomass, total DM produced including roots and stubble, the fraction of root N to total plant N, and soil mineral N at 172 DAS were higher for BE than for IF. Mineral N applied with biogas‐reactor effluent was almost as effective as the nitrate‐based mineral fertilizer used for comparison. Within the six‐month experimental period net N mineralization, estimated at 12% of organic N in effluent, was not substantial. Hence, the organic compounds in the effluent were relatively recalcitrant.     

Effects of buckwheat growth on variation of aluminum and major metals in root‐zone soil solutions

The variation in and relationships between aluminum and other major metals including Ca, Mg, Mn, and K in root‐zone soil solutions were studied by growing buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. cv. Jiangxi), an Al accumulator, in pots filled with an acid soil amended with CaCO₃ and unamended controls with a preinstalled nondestructive soil‐solution sampler. Soil solutions were collected every 7 d with a syringe connected to the sampler. The results showed that pH of the soil solution was not the only factor controlling the concentration of Al. Significant positive linear correlations were found between Al and Ca as well as between Al and Mg in soil solutions from the controls. The ratio of base cations (BC, Ca+Mg) to Al might partly explain the high Al resistance of buckwheat. Oxalate secretion from roots significantly activated Al in acid soils, which may be important for changes of Al in soil solutions, but it also caused decreased concentrations of Ca, Mg, and Mn. It is concluded that the variation of metal concentrations including Al, Ca, Mg, and Mn is a holistic effect involving competition for exchange sites among Ca, Mg, H, and Al, the chelation by oxalate secreted from roots, and metal uptake by buckwheat.     

林木根系与黄土复合体的抗剪强度试验研究

为了深入了解林木根系在增强黄土抗剪强度中的作用机理,该文用三轴压缩试验方法研究了林木根系与黄土构成的复合体的应力 应变及强度特性,探讨了不同根系直径、根系分布方式、复合体含水量和围压下的土体抗剪强度.试验证明,根系-土壤复合体抗剪强度τf与法向正压力σ的关系符合库仑定律, 即τf=σtan+C.由试验结果可知,根系直径相同时,复合体含水量从12.72%增至15%,水平根系的根土复合体的抗剪强度减小,垂直根系和复合根系的复合体抗剪强度增加;复合体含水量一定时,3种分布方式的根土复合体的抗剪强度都随根系直径的增加而增大;根系直径和复合体含水量一定时,复合根系的根土复合体的抗剪强度最大,垂直根系次之,水平根系最小.      

植物根系吸水对非饱和土边坡稳定性影响的分析

为了量化植物根系吸水对非饱和土边坡稳定性的影响及为植被护坡的植物种类选择提供参考,采用COMSOL Multiphysics建立二维边坡,模拟不同根系形态、根长及降雨条件下的根系吸水引起的非饱和土边坡孔隙水压力的分布变化,并采用极限平衡理论对边坡稳定系数进行定量计算.结果表明:指数形根系吸水产生的吸力最大,比裸坡增大4...     

SODm叶面肥在甜菜上的应用效果

试验探讨了甜菜施用SODm叶面肥对其产量和含糖率的影响,试验结果表明:苗期喷施SODm叶面肥可以促进甜菜生长发育,提高甜菜含糖率,增产作用明显,经济效益显著,含糖率提高0.6度,块根增产13.6%。     

大豆疫霉根腐病研究进展

从大豆疫霉根腐病病害的起源、生理小种的分化、病害的流行、抗源筛选、抗性机制等方面,综述了国内外该病的研究进展。